Flickering lights explained

Why Do Light Bulbs Flicker?

Following modern trends and advancements in technology, traditional incandescent and halogen lighting are being replaced with energy-saving LED lighting. LEDs are not only cost-efficient and long-lasting, but they are also environmentally friendly. However, in some cases, LED lighting can exhibit an unpleasant flickering effect. In this article, we will explain the causes and solutions for flickering lights. But first, let’s understand how electrical power and current work.

Alternating Current (AC)

Alternating Current (AC) runs through all mains sockets. AC constantly changes direction, allowing for easy transformation of voltage levels. In the UK, the AC has a potential difference of approximately 230V and changes direction 50 times per second, referred to as 50Hz. This constant change means the current is repeatedly turning ON and OFF, but at such a high frequency that it is not visible to the human eye in most cases.

Although this fluctuation does not typically affect incandescent or halogen lighting, it can significantly impact LED lights, as their components react faster to power changes. Understanding this distinction is crucial to addressing flickering in LED lighting systems.

Direct Current (DC)

Direct Current (DC), in contrast, flows in only one direction. It is commonly found in battery-powered devices like remote controls. DC has no frequency as it doesn’t alternate directions. However, it’s worth noting that DC can experience voltage drops over long distances. For example, in LED strip installations exceeding 5m, the brightness may diminish toward the end of the strip.

In the context of LEDs, the importance of DC lies in its ability to provide stable power. Most LED systems require drivers to convert AC to DC, ensuring consistent illumination without flicker.

Why Does LED Lighting Flicker?

Unlike incandescent bulbs, which have filaments that continue to glow briefly when the current alternates, LED bulbs react instantly to changes in power. This is why LEDs require a driver to convert AC to DC. Many LEDs, such as E27 LED bulbs, come with built-in drivers. For other types of LED lighting, external drivers are necessary.

LED flicker can be classified into two types:

• Visible flicker: Can be seen with the naked eye and typically occurs when the light output changes rapidly.
• Invisible flicker: Not noticeable directly but can cause health effects such as headaches or eye strain. You can detect it by pointing your phone's camera at the light source.

Both types of flicker can negatively affect comfort and health, highlighting the importance of choosing flicker-free LED solutions.

Effects of Flickering LED Lights

Flickering lights, whether visible or invisible, can be uncomfortable and even harmful. They can lead to symptoms such as eye fatigue, headaches, or migraines. LED flicker can also cause a stroboscopic effect, making moving objects appear stationary or in slow motion. This can be dangerous in industrial settings where precise visibility is critical.

For example, in work environments where machinery is operated, flickering lights can create the illusion of stationary equipment, increasing the risk of accidents. Similarly, in homes or offices, prolonged exposure to flicker can lead to reduced productivity and discomfort.

Common Causes and Solutions for Flickering LED Lights

If you’re dealing with flickering LED lights, here are the 7 most common causes and their solutions:

1. Use Dimmable LED Lights

Non-dimmable LED lights cannot be connected to dimmers. Doing so creates a strobe-like flicker. Always choose dimmable LED bulbs for dimming purposes. These are designed to handle the variations in power introduced by dimming systems, ensuring smooth operation.

2. Use an LED-Compatible Dimmer

Standard dimmers for incandescent and halogen bulbs are incompatible with LEDs due to higher minimum output requirements. Use an LED dimmer to ensure smooth dimming without flickering. Modern LED dimmers are designed to work with lower wattages, making them ideal for energy-efficient lighting systems.

3. Ensure the Right Dimmer Type

LED dimmers come in two types: leading-edge and trailing-edge. Make sure your dimmer matches the type required by your LED light. If you’re unsure, consult the product specifications or contact customer support for guidance.

4. Adjust Dimmer Settings

Many dimmers have adjustable settings to fine-tune dimming performance. Adjust the COARSE and FINE controls to find the optimal setting without flicker. Proper adjustment ensures that the dimmer delivers consistent power, preventing fluctuations that can cause flickering.

5. Use the Correct Driver

Each LED light needs a driver to convert AC to DC. If the driver’s power range doesn’t match the light’s wattage, flickering will occur. Check compatibility when selecting LED drivers and power supplies. A high-quality driver can significantly enhance the performance and lifespan of your LED lighting.

6. Avoid Power Spikes

Large appliances like refrigerators or washing machines can cause power fluctuations on the same circuit, leading to flicker. Solve this by using separate circuits for heavy appliances and LED lighting. Additionally, consider installing surge protectors to stabilise the power supply.

7. Replace Defective Drivers

If your LED light flickers after working fine for a while, the driver might be damaged. Replace the driver or the light, especially if it has an internal driver. Ensure that replacements are sourced from reputable brands to avoid recurring issues.

Additional Tips for Preventing Flicker

Here are some additional steps you can take to ensure a flicker-free LED lighting experience:

• Choose Flicker-Free LEDs: Opt for high-quality LED lights with built-in flicker-free technology, such as those from LED Line®.
• Regular Maintenance: Inspect and clean your lighting fixtures regularly to prevent dust buildup, which can affect performance.
• Monitor Voltage Levels: Ensure your power supply is stable and consistent, especially in areas prone to voltage fluctuations.

Conclusion

Flickering LED lights can be a frustrating and potentially harmful issue, but it is often easy to resolve with the right knowledge and tools. By understanding the causes of flicker and implementing the solutions outlined above, you can enjoy the benefits of LED lighting without any drawbacks.

Upgrade your lighting today with high-quality, flicker-free solutions from Future House Store. If you have any unresolved issues or additional questions, feel free to contact us. We’re here to help with all your LED lighting needs!